Windows 10

From Andreida

Activation

Is your Windows 10 using a "product key" or a "digital license"?

  • Right click the start button
  • Select "System"
  • Select "Home" (upper left)
  • Select "Update & Security"
  • Select "Activation"

Look for a text like 

Windows is activated with a digital license

In case of a "digital license", you don't need to care about a "product key", you can just reinstall this pc and skip the dialog, where you are asked to enter a "product key".

Get product key from installed Windows 10

Get Windows 10 product key from the UEFI firmware

powershell
(Get-WmiObject -query 'select * from SoftwareLicensingService').OA3xOriginalProductKey

Get Windows 10 product key from the registry

Create productkey.vbs 

Set WshShell = CreateObject("WScript.Shell")
MsgBox ConvertToKey(WshShell.RegRead("HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\DigitalProductId"))

Function ConvertToKey(Key)
Const KeyOffset = 52
i = 28
Chars = "BCDFGHJKMPQRTVWXY2346789"
Do
Cur = 0
x = 14
Do
Cur = Cur * 256
Cur = Key(x + KeyOffset) + Cur
Key(x + KeyOffset) = (Cur \ 24) And 255
Cur = Cur Mod 24
x = x -1
Loop While x >= 0
i = i -1
KeyOutput = Mid(Chars, Cur + 1, 1) & KeyOutput
If (((29 - i) Mod 6) = 0) And (i <> -1) Then
i = i -1
KeyOutput = "-" & KeyOutput
End If
Loop While i >= 0
ConvertToKey = KeyOutput
End Function

Automatically login into Windows 10 with username and password

  • start netplwiz (with windows-key+r, not the search)
  • uncheck "needs password"

if the checkbox for "needs password" is missing

in the settings (not possible for everyone)

Windows Settings / Account / Sign-In options: Set "Require Windows Hello sign-in" to off. This option does not exist for everyone. See next variant:

(source)

in the registry

  • open the registry editor
 regedit
  • goto HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\PasswordLess\Device
  • change the value of DevicePasswordLessBuildVersion from 2 to 0
DevicePasswordLessBuildVersion = 0
  • start netplwiz again

(source)

Use a hard disk with more than 2TB with Windows 10

You have to set/format the hard disk to GPT. If your system/bios does not allow booting from a GPT or >2TB HD, you can boot from a small HD/SDD and then use the large GPT disk.


GPT has no "extended". Your disk will be "primary" and you don't have to care about it, because you can create a lot of partitions on it, not just the normal "four partition on a primary disk".

Remove Tiles from Start Menu

  • Right click each tile and select "Unpin from Start Menu"
  • Do this for all tiles
  • Close the start menu and open it again


Virtual Machines

Problems with the Guard

You can always check the VM Safety via "Click Start, type msinfo32.exe, and then click System Information. >.


VMWare workstation and device/credential guard are not compatible. (short version) When the VMWare image of QNX OS does not start but instead you get something like the following error dialog:


First thing to try: (from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGpv2Dvzyeg) Launch cmd as admin... 

bcdedit /create {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} /d "DebugTool" /application osloader
bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} path "\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\SecConfig.efi"
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} bootsequence {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215}
bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} loadoptions DISABLE-LSA-ISO,DISABLE-VBS
bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off

Restart your system ...


If this is not enough, follow the link from the dialog box to the vmware site and from there to the Microsoft site where you have to scroll down a lot to see how to disable all the guard thingies. AFTER you follow the MS guide, do the above again! Or follow the copy/paste in the "long version" (next sub chapter).


VMWare workstation and device/credential guard are not compatible (long version) or how to Disable Windows Defender Credential Guard https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/security/identity-protection/credential-guard/credential-guard-manage#disable-windows-defender-credential-guard https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CGpv2Dvzyeg To open the Group policy settings editor: "Run" and type "gpedit.msc", right-click, select "run as admin".

  • If you used Group Policy, disable the Group Policy setting that you used to enable Windows Defender Credential Guard (Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> System -> Device Guard -> Turn on Virtualization Based Security).
  • Delete the following registry settings:
    • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\LSA\LsaCfgFlags
    • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard\LsaCfgFlags
  • If you also wish to disable virtualization-based security delete the following registry settings:
    • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard\EnableVirtualizationBasedSecurity
    • HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\DeviceGuard\RequirePlatformSecurityFeatures

Important If you manually remove these registry settings, make sure to delete them all. If you don't remove them all, the device might go into BitLocker recovery.

  • Delete the Windows Defender Credential Guard EFI variables by using bcdedit. From an elevated command prompt, type the following commands:
  • mountvol X: /s
  • copy %WINDIR%\System32\SecConfig.efi X:\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\SecConfig.efi /Y
  • bcdedit /create {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} /d "DebugTool" /application osloader
  • bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} path "\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\SecConfig.efi"
  • bcdedit /set {bootmgr} bootsequence {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215}
  • bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} loadoptions DISABLE-LSA-ISO
  • bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} device partition=X:
  • mountvol X: /d
  • Restart the PC.
  • Accept the prompt to disable Windows Defender Credential Guard.
  • Alternatively, you can disable the virtualization-based security features to turn off Windows Defender Credential Guard.


Note The PC must have one-time access to a domain controller to decrypt content, such as files that were encrypted with EFS. If you want to turn off both Windows Defender Credential Guard and virtualization-based security, run the following bcdedit commands after turning off all virtualization-based security Group Policy and registry settings: bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} loadoptions DISABLE-LSA-ISO,DISABLE-VBS bcdedit /set vsmlaunchtype off


VMware Workstation and Device/Credential Guard are not compatible Problem Resolve. Go to Control Panel - Uninstall a Program - Turn Windows features on or off - (uncheck/turn off) Hyper-V. Click OK Select Do not restart. And then type the following cmds in cmd prompt.. to Delete the related EFI variables from the BCD file... Launch cmd as admin... 

bcdedit /create {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} /d "DebugTool" /application osloader 
bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} path "\EFI\Microsoft\Boot\SecConfig.efi" 
bcdedit /set {bootmgr} bootsequence {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} 
bcdedit /set {0cb3b571-2f2e-4343-a879-d86a476d7215} loadoptions DISABLE-LSA-ISO,DISABLE-VBS 
bcdedit /set hypervisorlaunchtype off

Restart your system ...

Misc

Autostart Folder

WIN+r: 

shell:startup

Shortcut to dialog with power plan selection

New shortcut: "powercfg.cpl"

ssh/scp/sftp server

SHH server must be running, check the services, set it to automatically and start it for now or boot.

Remote Desktop (RDP)

  • Port 3389
  • Allow it: Settings/System/Remote Desktop

install NET Framework 3.5

mount windows iso as drive ... D: for example, if you don't use D:, change D: in the next line 

DISM /Online /Enable-Feature /FeatureName:NetFx3 /All /LimitAccess /Source:D:\sources\sxs

ssh

client

  • services: ssh agent: automatic + start (running)
  • /Users/<user>/.ssh directory writeable only by user (Properties/Security/Advanced/Disable inheritance + check All childs/create like current; then remove all but the one for the current user)
  • rsa_id or dsa_id should exist

server

  • install Open SSH server (apps and features / optional / add)
  • services: open ssh server: automatic + start (running)
  • /Users/<user>/.ssh directory writeable only by user (Properties/Security/Advanced/Disable inheritance + check All childs/create like current; then remove all but the one for the current user)
  • if <user> has admin rights:
    • copy authorized_keys to c:\ProgramData\ssh\administrators_authorized_keys then remove rights for all but System and Administrative Users, like above with removing inheritance)

Delete Windows Defender History

delete all files in c:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows Defender\Scans\History\Service\

Long Paths

Some times you get problems when you have to read or write long paths in Windows. You can try to allow longer paths. Open the registry editor to 

Computer\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem

and change 

LongPathsEnabled 0

to 

LongPathsEnabled 1
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